infection in goats in Chongqing. Chongqing Municipality is located in southwest China and has been incorporated into the national Advantage of agricultural products regional planning. PCR, et les anticorps dirigs contre par ELISA. La prvalence de et spp. taient respectivement de 38?% et 35?% par PCR, et de 42?% pour les anticorps anti-par ELISA. Le taux de co-infection par et tait de 13?%, o la co-infection prdominante deux pathognes tait (10?%) suivie de (9,64?%). Alors que la co-infection par trois agents pathognes variait de 1,81?% 5,72?%, moins de 1?% des chvres ont t trouvs positives pour quatre pathognes. Ceci est la premire enqute sur les infections et spp. chez les chvres de Chongqing. Introduction Protozoan parasites and tick-borne infectious pathogens Presapogenin CP4 are common threats to both humans and animals [8,30]. The causative agent of toxoplasmosis, and in goats not only affects the economic development of the animal industry, but can also have serious effects on human health [6,7,23]. Several surveys of infection [20,31,32,33,40,41] or infection [18,36C38] in goats have been reported in some regions of China. However, they all focus only on or infection; none examine co-infection by these pathogens. The presence of can alter the Presapogenin CP4 immune system of the host and make the animal more susceptible to other parasitic agents [22]. It is important to study the relevance of this phenomenon regarding and spp. infection in goats in Chongqing. Chongqing Municipality is located in southwest China and has been incorporated into the national Advantage of agricultural products regional planning. It is recognized as a key area for Presapogenin CP4 goat breeding in China. However, there are no data on the prevalence of and spp. infections in goats in Chongqing. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of spp. and co-infection in goats in Chongqing, through detection of relevant pathogen DNA by PCR, and detection of antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and methods Collection of blood samples and DNA extraction The blood samples were collected from 332 apparently healthy goats randomly selected from 19?farms in 9?counties (Jiangjin, Dazu, Fuling, Rongchang, Tongnan, Youyang, Xiushan, Yunyang, and Zhongxian) of Chongqing (Fig. 1), from October 2014 to April 2016. The breeds of goats included the Boer goat, Dazu black goat, Chengdu ma goat, Nanjiang yellow goat, and Hybrid black goat. The sera were stored at ?20?C for antibodies detection, and the blood samples were used for genomic DNA extraction using a Wizard? Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), according to the manufacturers instructions. Open in a separate window Figure 1 Map of surveyed counties located in Chongqing Municipality, China, where the blood samples of goats were collected. T: Tongnan; D: Dazu; R: Rongchang; J: Jiangjin; F: Rabbit Polyclonal to MT-ND5 Fuling; Z: Zhongxian; Yu: Yunyang; Yo: Youyang; X: Xiushan. The black dots indicate the farms. The number of samples collected from the corresponding goat farm is indicated in parentheses. Detection of and DNA by PCR Infections by and spp. (and detection in goats and PCR amplification conditions. antibodies by ELISA Serum antibodies against were screened using the IDEXX Toxotest ELISA kit (IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, ME, USA), according to the manufacturers recommendations. The serum samples and controls were diluted to 1 1:400 and tested in duplicate. The optical density (OD) was measured at 450?nm with an ELISA plate reader (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The S/P (samples/positive control) percent for each sample was calculated according to the formula: S/P%?=?(OD450 of the sample ? OD450 of negative control)/(OD450 of positive control Presapogenin CP4 ? OD450 of negative control)??100. S/P% of samples less than 20 were considered negative for antibodies. Samples.
