. was employed for the analyses of biopsy-derived intestinal cellular subsets. Results Dithiothreitol and mechanical dissociation decreased epithelial cell contamination and allowed for isolation of adequate cell figures from 2 to 4 colonic or ileal biopsies (6 1042 104) after a 20-minute collagenase digestion, allowing for reliable detection of most major immune cell subsets. Biopsies and antibody-labeled mononuclear cells could be cryopreserved for later processing Dabrafenib (GSK2118436A) and acquisition (viability 70%; 0.05). Conclusions Mass cytometry represents a unique tool for deep immunophenotyping intestinal cell composition. This technique has the potential to facilitate analysis of drug actions at the target tissue by identifying specific cellular subsets and their molecular signatures. Its common implementation may impact not only IBD research but also other gastrointestinal conditions where inflammatory cells play a role in pathogenesis. online. Supplementary Material Supplementary DataClick here for additional data file.(202K, docx) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Ms. Gelareh Gangi for assistance with maintenance of the institutional review table Dabrafenib (GSK2118436A) protocol and Ms. Helen Le and Ms. Jennifer Neill for assistance with informed consents. Notes Conflicts of interest: The authors disclose no relevant conflicts. Supported by: This work is usually funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (“type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”DK108670″,”term_id”:”187407037″,”term_text”:”DK108670″DK108670) and VA merit I01 “type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”BX003436″,”term_id”:”26188396″,”term_text”:”BX003436″BX003436 to J.R.N.; by Shared Instrumentation Grant (SIG) Program (S10): CyTOF Mass Cytometer S10 OD018499-01 to L.J.I.; and by support from your Chiba UniversityCUC San Diego Program in Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines. 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